196 – Cardiac Output Measurement – EBI100C

Cardiac Output can be determined, noninvasively, by employing electrical bio-impedance measurement techniques. Electrical bio-impedance is simply the characteristic impedance of a volume of tissue and fluid. In the case of Cardiac Output measures, the relevant tissue includes the heart and the immediate surrounding volume of the thorax. The relevant fluid is blood.

The EBI100C is designed to record the parameters associated with CO measurements. The EBI100C incorporates a precision high-frequency current source, which injects a very small (100 µA rms or 400 µA rms) current through the measurement tissue volume defined by the placement of a set of current source electrodes. A separate set of monitoring electrodes then measures the voltage developed across the tissue volume. Because the current is constant, the voltage measured is proportional to the characteristics of the biological impedance of the tissue volume.

The EBI100C measures both impedance magnitude and dZ/dt simultaneously. The EBI100C is capable of recording impedances at four different operational frequencies, from 12.5 kHz to 100 kHz. Usually, CO measurements are performed at a measurement frequency of either 50 kHz or 100 kHz.

Associated Applications

• Psychophysiology - Record and analyze BP, ECG, HRV, EDA, EMG, EEG, EOG, RSP, etc. Interface to stimulus presentation programs...use automated analysis routines to easily score and analyze data.
• ICG: Impedance Cardiography/Cardiac Output - Record cardiac output, thoracic impedance changes, or any kind of bioimpedance signal. Use AcqKnowledge for a fully automated ICG analysis and dZ/dt waveform classifier.
• Sleep Studies - Long term recordings with up to 16 channels of data. Record EEG, EOG, EMG, respiration, temp., sound, limb position and more. Filter out EEG frequencies to score sleep stages.
• Cardiovascular Hemodynamics - Hardware for human and animals. Measure continuous BP, ECG, stroke volume, cardiac output, PPG, etc. For animal and tissue look at acute and chronic dose-response.
• Exercise Physiology - Examine ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, biopotentials, temp., and biomechanical signals simultaneously. Record wirelessly with BioNomadix.